Revolutionizing Maritime Freight: An In-Depth Guide to Container Types
The invention and widespread adoption of maritime containers in the mid-20th century completely revolutionized the transportation of goods by sea. Malcolm McLean, a quick-thinking and visionary businessman, is credited as the creator of this game-changing solution, which aimed to lower costs and streamline the loading and unloading processes between trucks and ships. This innovation propelled his logistics career that began as a truck driver.
Classification of Containers (updated):
Today, maritime containers come in a wide range of sizes, with the most common being the 20′ and 40′ containers. Additionally, there are less common sizes available, such as 10′, 30′, 45′, and even 53′ containers for specialized providers. These dimensions may vary slightly depending on the manufacturer and owning shipping line, but they generally adhere to the standards set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Here is a comprehensive classification of the most commonly used container types in freight transportation:
- Dry General DV Containers: These containers are the most commonly used for general dry cargo, such as pallets, boxes, and bags.
Cargo Specifications:
- 20 feet: Gross Weight: 24,000 kg; Tare Weight: 2,200 kg; Payload: 21,800 kg.
- 40 feet: Gross Weight: 30,480 kg; Tare Weight: 3,800 kg; Payload: 26,680 kg.
- High Cube (HC) Containers: These containers are used for the same type of cargo as Dry General containers but offer increased height for goods that require it.
Cargo Specifications:
- 40 feet: Gross Weight: 30,480 kg; Tare Weight: 3,900 kg; Payload: 26,580 kg.
- Open Top (OP) Containers: These containers are designed for oversized and heavy cargo that cannot be loaded through the side doors. Instead of a rigid roof, they are covered with a tarpaulin.
Cargo Specifications:
- 20 feet: Gross Weight: 24,000 kg; Tare Weight: 2,140 kg; Payload: 21,860 kg.
- 40 feet: Gross Weight: 30,480 kg; Tare Weight: 3,700 kg; Payload: 26,780 kg.
- Reefer Containers (RF): Reefer containers are used for transporting goods that require controlled temperature transit, such as fresh and frozen products. They operate by connecting to the electrical network and include a temperature control panel.
Cargo Specifications:
- 20 feet: Gross Weight: 25,400 kg; Tare Weight: 2,870 kg; Payload: 22,530 kg.
- 40 feet: Gross Weight: 32,500 kg; Tare Weight: 4,535 kg; Payload: 27,965 kg.
- Flat (FLT) Containers – Foldable Platforms: These containers are suitable for oversized cargo, such as pipes and machinery, that may protrude from any part. Some models have foldable sides, while others are completely flat without sides or roof.
Cargo Specifications:
- 20 feet: Gross Weight: 25,400 kg; Tare Weight: 3,080 kg; Payload: 22,320 kg.
- 40 feet: Gross Weight: 45,000 kg; Tare Weight: 5,300 kg; Payload: 39,700 kg.
Maritime containers have transformed the freight transportation industry, offering enhanced efficiency, safety, and cost reduction. The standardization of their dimensions and specifications by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has facilitated their global use. With this comprehensive guide to the most common container types, you’ll be better equipped to select the appropriate option for your cargo needs. Prepare to embark your goods and discover the advantages that maritime containers bring to global trade!